Title of the Study: Izmir Project Report for Orienting Working Children to Education

Type of the Study: Research – Evaluation Report (The work has been conducted within the scope of the ILO-IPEC Programme.)

Author of the Study: Ministry of Labor and Social Security Department of Labor Inspection Directorate

Presentation,,

Year/Place of Publication: 2005, Ankara

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 215

Purpose: This project aims to increase the cooperation between agencies, orienting children to education, elimination of worst forms of child labor in chosen sectors, improvement of working conditions and environments of workplaces, reducing family poverty and preventing children from entering the working life and increasing the public sensitivity.

Content: First part makes a determination as to the situation of children working in the world and in Turkey. Part two describes the ground, purposes and cooperation of the project. Part three presents the data obtained in the project aimed at orienting children working in İzmir to education. Part four discuss the activities realized within the frame of the project.

Method: This study covered 690 working children at and under the age of 18 working in İzmir in automotive sector in industrial zones no 1-6, Işıkkent shoemakers industrial zone and apparel textile zone.

Excerpt: Increasing public sensitivity, actions taken and results achieved must be shared with the public. Particularly the achievements and developments and positive change in children will attract more attention from the public and persons and organizations wishing to contribute these efforts will take action. p.193

Some keywords: apprenticeship, ILO-IPEC, public sensitivity, poverty

Title of the Study: Time Bound Programme: Achievements and Recent Developments So Far in Turkey

Type of the Study: Time Bound Programme Turkey Promotion Book

Author of the Study: ILO Ankara Office

Presentation,,

Year/Place of Publication: 2005, Ankara

Language of the Study: English

Number of Pages: 32

Purpose: A published book to promote what kind of method will be followed regarding reaching targets in Turkey between the years 2004-2014 within the frame of the Time Bound Programme (TBP).

Content: The booklet first sets out what TBP is. To eliminate the worst forms of child labor, it has been explained how the targets of time-bound programme are made. In this regard, the Time-Bound National Policy and Programme Framework (TPPPF) created by the government in partnership with ILO-IPEC have been discussed. How the government, relevant municipalities, public agencies, private enterprises and non-governmental organizations have to cooperate to reach the targets are outlined. The legal aspect of the issue and strategies to be followed to reach the targets are briefly given.

Method: A published book to promote what kind of method will be followed regarding reaching targets in Turkey between the years 2004-2014 within the frame of the Time Bound Programme together with the national Policy and Programme.

Excerpt: It is the government’s responsibility to set the process of TBP development in motion, designate or establish the institutional mechanisms for its implementation, and mobilize the necessary human and financial resources.

Some keywords: child workers, ILO-IPEC, time bound programme

Title of the Study: Success Stories from Street to Hope

Model Studies Aimed at the Solution of the Issue of Children Working in the Streets: Ankara, Adapazarı, Diyarbakır, Gölcük, Yalova, Support Centers for Children Working in the Streets

Type of the Study: Research – Evaluation Report (The study has been conducted within the scope of the ILO-IPEC Programme.)

Authors of the Study: Ayşe Gündüz Hoşgör

Ertan Karabıyık Özgür Çetinkaya

Hasan Cemal Sargın

Presentation,,

Year/Place of Publication: International Work Office 2005, Ankara

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 86

Purpose: To demonstrate the sample practices in the events conducted in the “center for children working in the streets” in 5 cities and guide the initiatives about children working in the streets in Turkey within the frame of the Programme.

Content: The Introduction section explains the purpose, methodology and stages of the study. The second part touches the good practices regarding studies conducted in 5 cities. Part three gives the conclusion, general evaluation and suggestions.

Method: The study has been carried out in 3 stages. The first stage examines IPEC documentation about 5 centers. Second stage examines, in consultation with the currently IPEC partner organizations, the existing experiences thru the above-explained good practice method. At this stage, 5 centers were visited and meetings and focus group interviews were made with representatives from different sectors. At the third stage, a draft report of good practices has been prepared and this draft report was sent to relevant persons for their opinions.

Excerpt: Now my paint chest is something in the past. I am doin good paintings. An excerpt from a poem written by a student studying at Vali Nafiz Kayalı Elementary Regional Boarding School .(p.21)

Some keywords: child labour, ILO-IPEC, children working on the streets

Lordoğlu, K.(2002); ‘‘No Time to Play, But Streets are Ours’’, Çalışma Ortamı Magazine Issue No.60, January-February.

Number of Works Cited: –

Scope:

The first section described the working areas of children using the data from DIE’s Child Labour Survey of 1994 and 1999. Then, explanations are made about why the children are working, and the reasons they get into the working life in small ages with examples from different geographical regions. Outcomes of children working and the approach of national regulations are probed into in the final section.

An Excerpt from the Article:

Only to list down some of the problems that are encountered by children who have no time to play and are after work will render this article impossible to read. Both in Turkey and in all other countries where children are employed, different programs exist proposed against problems in child labour. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labor(IPEC) of International Labor Organization is one of them. The Immediate Action Plan and Convention No. 182 on Eliminating Worst Forms of Child Labour and No.138 on the Minimum Age signed by Turkey aimed to fully prohibit child labor, which is not in harmony with the existing conditions. (p.11)

Some Keywords:

child labour, ILO-IPEC, national regulation, international regulation

Güler, E.Ç.(2001); ‘‘Child Labour and Education’’, In: (Seminar on Working Children in Turkey), DIE Publications, Ankara, p.67-99.

Number of Works Cited: 9

Scope:

The articles tries to discuss the status of child labour existing in Turkey and its relationship with education as well as illustrating the results of a survey titled ‘Project for Gaining Working Children to the Educational System’ conducted within the scope of the ILO-IPEC and Ministry of Labour and Social Security with 150 children working in shoemaking, car-repair and apparel sectors in Izmir, with discussions about the child labour and education sections of findings.

An Excerpt from the Article:

Although the definition of child and its social status may differ from one nation to the other, universally created criteria are guiding in this topic. United Nation’s Convention on Children Rights accepts the criterion that all human beings must be considered until the age of 18; our country also approved this convention thereby accepting this definition based on age. (p.71)

Some Keywords:

apprentice training, child rights, child workers, ILO-IPEC

Ege, B.G.(2001); ‘‘Who is the Working Child?’’, (In: Seminar on Working Children in Turkey), DIE Publications, Ankara.

Number of Works Cited: 7

Scope:

It is clear that there will be countless benefits in familiarizing with working children who get into the working life in early ages while their peers are playing games, in order to be able to find solutions for the problems of working children. From this point, the basic objective of this presentation is to offer a perspective and seek the answers to the question ‘‘who is the working child?’’ and the effort to familiarize with the working child based on the findings of a field survey (Project for Gaining Working Children to Education, Izmir 2001) conducted in Izmir within the frame of the ILO-IPEC in a program conducted together with the Ministry of Labour and Social Security.

An Excerpt from the Article:

Number of hours that children are obliged to work in a day is an important indicator of the child labour issue. Inevitably children are spending most of their times at work and less of their times for learning and leisure activities. Those struggling to achieve schooling and working together are facing numerous handicaps due to the negative effects of working over a certain threshold on the learning skills of children. (p.63)

Some Keywords:

free time, working hours, apprentice training, child workers, ILO-IPEC

Başargan, H.N.; Kümbül, B.(2001); ‘‘A Look on the Issue of Working Children from A Family Perspective’’, (in the ‘Seminar on Working Children in Turkey’), DIE Publications, Ankara, p.137-161.

Number of Works Cited:

Scope:

The study first puts a definition of child based on the fact that the issue of working children might be approached differently by societies with different socio-economic structures, different cultures, and education levels, and comments are made about how the perception of child might be. After a detailed analysis about the value of children, starting from the definition of working child, topics like why children are obliged to work and which factors pushed them to the working life, focusing on the negative psychological influences created by working phenomenon on the psycho-social development of child. Finally, based on the fact that the family is an important determining factor on a child labour, some important results from a survey conducted on families of working children has been presented from a study made in İzmir within the scope of the ILO-IPEC project.

An Excerpt from the Article:

Aries connects his perception of childhood in such a way to the child’s full participation of adult life and this indirectly results from the structure of family and society at that time. Social life in the Medieval Ages was one that was very intensively experienced. (p.71)

Some Keywords:

family, working children, ILO-IPEC, socio-economic level

Title of the Study: Child Labour in Leather Sector in the World and Turkey Scale

Type of the Study: Phd. Thesis

Author of the Study: Ahmet Kemerli

Presentation,

Year/Place of Publication: İstanbul, 2001 (İstanbul University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations)

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 167

Purpose: Discussion of child labour with regard to child development and analytical examination of factors determining labour. Examination of the current situation of child labour in the world by sectors on country basis

Content: The study has four parts. Titled, Child Development and Child Law, the first part focuses on the concept of child. Child labour and factors determining child labour are discussed in the second part. Third part titled Child Labour in the World gives an overview of child labour. Fourth part titled Child Labour in Turkish Leather Sector and Field Study focuses on the structural elements of child labour.

Method: Literature scanning and field survey methods are used. Excerpts are made from DIE surveys conducted in 1994 aimed at children.

Excerpt: Many children work and study at the same time. This is because school hours and number of school days in developing countries is very low. For example, within the frame of IPEC programme, in a study made in shoemaking sector in Brazil it has been found that most of the children attend school and work about 8 hours a day. (p.68)

Some keywords: child labour, child development, reasons of child labour, child labour survey, ILO-IPEC, national regulation

Title of the Study: Working Children in Turkey Field Survey Preliminary Report

Type of the Study: Field Survey Preliminary Report

Authors of the Study: Ministry of Labour and Social Security

Presentation

Year/Place of Publication: May 1994

Language of The Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 123

Purpose: To make inter-sectoral comparisons using the data obtained from the surveys conducted between February 1994 and March 1994 and to create a base for realistic solutions.

Content: The data(working conditions, socio-cultural characteristic, structural characteristics of the employers, apprenticeship evaluation, factors effecting risk conditions) observed from field surveys conducted by 7 groups in 7 different sectors(metal, woodwork, service, confection, textile, leather, automotive) are presented. Also observations, suggestions and determinations about occupational conditions are shared. The report enables readers to make sectoral comparisons.

Method: In total 738 workplaces are inspected, 1671 out of 3479 children, 712 out of 738 employer and 574 skilled craftsmen are questioned. Work groups are formed in 7 cities(Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, İstanbul, İzmir, Samsun). To be able to reach the workplaces some records and sweep net sources are used.

Excerpt: Within the program mentioned the reasons why children work, the occupational conditions, the policies that should be created to enhance the conditions of the working children are discussed in a meeting with the attendance of experts from ILO on October 1993. It is decided in this educational meeting that to be able to enhance the working conditions of the working children and to keep them away from working, the profiles of these children should be explained with related numbers concerning the situation. (p.5)

Some Keywords: working children, working conditions, ILO-IPEC

Ministry of labour and Social Security(1997), “Working Children News Bulletin”, Issue No.3, Ankara.

Number Of Works Cited: 6

Scope:

Erhan Batur gives an extract of the European Council’s Fight Against Child Labour Advice

and also discusses the parliament’s decision taken on the third term general council in 1997. Ali Saraç’s article is on working environment and child labour which presents childhood, the working conditions of children and the negative effects of the physical, menthal and ergonomic factors evident in the atmosphere. It is stated that the effects of these conditions barriers the ethical, menthal and physical growth of children. The importance of keeping away children from work is also discussed whereby they can attend schools and get the education essential for them selves to have bright futures.

Some Key Words:

working conditions, child workers, ILO-IPEC, international regulation

Ministry of Labour and Social Security(1997), “Working Children News Bulletin”, Issue No.2, January, Ankara.

Number of Works Cited: –

Scope:

Ministry’s National Committee Meeting held on 6.2.1997 and the evaluation of ILO-IPEC projects and the future plans for new projects are discussed. There is a news about the second meeting of the Advice Group that was held on 25th of March where the suggestions of workshop groups are exposed. Children working in the informal sector, apprentices and their legal and the administrative status which was emphasised in the group report is displayed. Kubilay Atasever’s TİSK and child labour article points the activities and vision of Tisk in this subject. Erhan Batur discusses the aork and child labour concepts and also talks about the ILO convention number 59.

Some Key Words:

working children, child abuse, informal sector, ILO-IPEC

Ministry of Labour and Social Security(1997), “Working Children News Bulletin”, Issue No.1, January, Ankara.

Number of Works Cited: 7

Scope:

Within the framework of Ministry of Labour and Social Security Department of Working Children’s capacity building Advice Group meeting is discussed. In the following pages The Minister’s opening speach takes place. Ali Saraç’s article on child labour in the world and Turkey and activities to find solutions and to end it can be found in the later pages. Şule Mann’s article on ILO-IPEC and child labour reveals the state of working children in the world and in Turkey and provides information about the activites to stop child labour. Also UNICEF’s 1997 State of Children Report is presented. Erhan Batur’s article is on the dangers of child labour to the society as children are the future of mankind.

Some Key Words:

working children, ILO-IPEC