Title of the Study: Regulations on Working Children
Type of the Study: Report
Authors of the Study: Dr. Samira Yener – İstiklal Alpar
Presentation,
Year/Place of Publication: January 1985, Ankara
Language of the Study: Turkish
Number of Pages: 28
Purpose: To end child labour in developing countries by activities aiming to stop the exploitation of children and by demolishing the reasons forcing children to work.
Content: The reasons of child labour is given within a specific framework and then the regulations and restrictions concerning working children are listed. In the following chapters regulations concerning apprentices are approached. In the last chapter practices of regulations and the state of vulnerable children with this regard is determined.
Method: An explanatory method based on field survey literature is used.
Excerpt: The laws regarding minimum age to start work are conflicting with each other. Primary Education Law (No:222), states that children between ages 6-14 attending compulsory primary school education can not be employed either in private or public sector with or without any payment. Though Public Health Law (No: 1593) prohibits working in manifacturing under the age of 12, Apprentice Law (No: 2089) brings 12 as minimum age, Labour Law (No: 1475) article 67 permits children that reached 13 years to work in jobs which will not effect their educational, menthal and physical status.(p.23)
Some Keywords: apprentices, occupational accident, children in need of protection, occupational disease, national regulation
Varol, N.(1999); “Behaviours Are The Determinants of Adult’s Duties to Children’’ , İşveren Magazine, Volume :37, Issue No. 7, April, Ankara.
Number of Works Cited: 6
Scope:
The article includes the results of the study started on July 1998 to find out the working conditions of children and supplying health services within the TİSK/ILO-IPEC programme. Only with sensitive approaches sound soltions can be produced. Guidance and councelling services should be given with the hands of Child Bureaus in the Workplace Common Health Units.
An Excerpt from the Article:
The health examination, audio tests, respiration function tests and coloured eye examinations done by Fişek Institute Working Children Science And Action Foundation on 175 children it is found that %91,4 of children had deviations from good health states, and the most common health problem diagnosed was the eardrom disorders because of middle ear illnesses, 20 children had respiratory problems, 12 children have difficulties in hearing because of work related factors, 7 children had colour blindness, 4 children had inflamation, 3 children had heart problems, 2 children had lowblood pressure. (p.23)
Some Key Words:
child bureaus, child workers, child health, occupational accident, occupational disease
Karataş, K.(1993); “Child Labour Problem: Reasons, Results And Solution Suggestions”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmetler Yüksekokulu Magazine, Volume: 11, Issue No. 1-2-3, p. 85-102.
Number of Works Cited: 12
Scope:
The study which gives the use of child labour both in the world and in our country with its history also included the national and international legislations and regulations. In the preceding parts the reasons of child labour use and the sectors where child labour is intense and the effect of existing conditions on children are evaluated. The last part where suggestions to solve the problem are listed, the importance of creating a conscious society and a sensitive public opinion to render social change is emphasised. It is also stated that the necessity of active participation of the society is made clear.
An Excerpt from the Article:
As children who are in growing up period have low resistance capacity and weak muscles, they easily get tired. Therefore, they are more proun to occupational diseases and accidents. There are not proper statistics on occupational accidents especially in the developing countries. But the statistics in some developed countries reveal that the ratio of children facing these accidents are quite high. (p.96)
Somke Key Words:
working conditions, child labour, child workers, child health, occupational accident, occupational disease, social change
Fişek, A.G.(1999); “Working Children and Small And Medium Enterprises’’, İşveren Magazine, Volume: 37, Issue No. 7, April, Ankara.
Number of Works Cited: 5
Scope:
The importance of small enterprises are discovered in the economy again but also the low level of occupational safety and health conditions should be considered as well. Also it is emphasised that occupational diseases and accidents are the results of mal practice of preventive measures and as the number of employees decreases in a work place the conditions worsen(which is even worse in places where there is child labour). In the international arena the debate of child labour is focused on ‘‘intolerable child labour’’ and within this framework from forced labour to working in hard conditions drows the lines.
An Excerpt from the Article:
182 children-adolescents are withdrawn from labour force because of death related to occupational diseases or lost labour capability(disabled). This consists of %3,1 of the group left their work for these reasons. The ones which lost a couple workdays because of injuries or illnesses make up %2,7. (p.19)
Some Key Words:
working conditions, child labour, occupational accident, occupational safety and health, small and medium enterprises, occupational disease
Fişek, A.G.(1979); “Protection of Chldren and Youth In Terms Of Human Rights’’, Okul Defteri Magazine, July, Issue No. 3, p. 19-21.
Number of Works Cited: –
Scope:
The article is more law based. The reasons why children enter the working life is explained and then the development of social policy tools against child labour is discussed and national and international regulations are quoted. Also findings of a research made in Ankara Iskitler and Industrial Bazaar on apprentices and young workers and SSK’s (Social Insurance Institution) occupational accidents and diseases statistics are given.
An Excerpt from the Article:
The way to keep children and adolescents away from the protective umbrella of Labour Law is found in our country. The majority of this group is employed as apprentices. Some appliers of the law discuss if the new Apprentice and Master Workman Legislation is apart of the labour Law or not. This new law defines these apprentices who are required to take training at most of 8 hours as students. And when other aspects of this law is inspected it gives the impression that it is legislated not to protect the apprentices or the experineced apprentices to protect the employers. (p.20)
Some Key Words:
working conditions, apprentices, apprentice training, occupational accident, occupational disease, national regulation
