Title of the Study: Children First: Children Living/Working in the Streets

Type of the Study: Booklet

Author of the Study: UNICEF

Presentation,,

Year/Place of Publication: Ankara, 2006

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: –

Purpose: Awareness Report on Children Working in the Streets.

Method: Literature scanning method has been used.

Excerpt: It is estimated that a least 42.000 children are living or working on the streets in Turkey; however unofficial figures go up to 80.000. Majority of these children are from families with social limitations that have migrated to cities in search of better living standards offered by few municipalities.

Some keywords: Unicef, children living on the streets, children working on the streets

Title of the Study: Success Stories from Street to Hope

Model Studies Aimed at the Solution of the Issue of Children Working in the Streets: Ankara, Adapazarı, Diyarbakır, Gölcük, Yalova, Support Centers for Children Working in the Streets

Type of the Study: Research – Evaluation Report (The study has been conducted within the scope of the ILO-IPEC Programme.)

Authors of the Study: Ayşe Gündüz Hoşgör

Ertan Karabıyık Özgür Çetinkaya

Hasan Cemal Sargın

Presentation,,

Year/Place of Publication: International Work Office 2005, Ankara

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 86

Purpose: To demonstrate the sample practices in the events conducted in the “center for children working in the streets” in 5 cities and guide the initiatives about children working in the streets in Turkey within the frame of the Programme.

Content: The Introduction section explains the purpose, methodology and stages of the study. The second part touches the good practices regarding studies conducted in 5 cities. Part three gives the conclusion, general evaluation and suggestions.

Method: The study has been carried out in 3 stages. The first stage examines IPEC documentation about 5 centers. Second stage examines, in consultation with the currently IPEC partner organizations, the existing experiences thru the above-explained good practice method. At this stage, 5 centers were visited and meetings and focus group interviews were made with representatives from different sectors. At the third stage, a draft report of good practices has been prepared and this draft report was sent to relevant persons for their opinions.

Excerpt: Now my paint chest is something in the past. I am doin good paintings. An excerpt from a poem written by a student studying at Vali Nafiz Kayalı Elementary Regional Boarding School .(p.21)

Some keywords: child labour, ILO-IPEC, children working on the streets

Title of the Study: For Handkerchief, Savory Rolls, Painting, Garbage,…….: Working in the Streets of Ankara

Type of the Study: Book

Author of the Study: Altıntaş, Betül

Presentation,,

Year/Place of Publication: İstanbul, 2003 (İstanbul University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Business Economy and Industrial Relations)

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 256

Purpose: Explain the issue of children working in the streets and child labour based on observations made in Ankara.

Content: The book contains evaluations about the situation of children working in the streets throughout the world, relevant forms of approach, and legal and organizations regulations in Turkey.

Method: Literature scanning and field study methods were used.

Excerpt: People don’t understand us. Some think we are beggars. Them contemplate us, swear at us, we can’t say anything, and we go leave there.” These words belong to Ayşe aged 11 and Adnan aged 14. Ayşe and Adnan are not thieves and beggars. Ayşe sells adhesive bandage in the streets of Ankara, and Adnan paints shoes. They contribute to family income this way. Monies brought by “Ayşe”s and “Adnan”s are even forming the main income item of many families.

Some keywords: child labour, child rights, children working on the streets, national regulation

Title of the Study: Turkey, Working Street Children in Three Metropolitan Cities: A Rapid Assessment

Type of the Study: Research –Evaluation Report (The study has been conducted within the scope of the ILO-IPEC Programme

Authors of the Study: Dr. Bahattin Akşit

Dr. Nuray Karancı

Dr. Ayşe Gündüz Hoşgör

Presentation,

Year/Place of Publication: November 2001, Geneva

Language of the Study: English

Number of Pages: 99

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the jobs made by street children in Adana, Diyarbakır and İstanbul, revealing the living and working conditions and family socio-demographic characteristics of these children, examination of the look of children and families on the issues of working on the street and education, and studying the perspectives and attitudes of specialists from various institutes and customers.

Content: The study comprises 6 parts. The first part gives the purpose, scope and methodology of the study. Part 2 gives the demographical, education and socio-economic profiles of 3 cities. Part 3 discusses the legal and organizational aspects of the topic. Part 4 draws a profile of children working in the streets. Types of works done by children, their working hours, monies earned, conditions, living conditions, educational status, perspectives of police, people and customers, future expectations and dreams of children are discussed. And part 5 describes the families of children working in the streets, and their profiles are given with regard to their socio-economic, socio-demographic, and migration histories and families’ perspectives on working on the streets are probed into. Part 6 is the conclusion section.

Method: ILO-UNICEF’s ‘Rapid Assessment Methodology’ method has been implemented. 4 types of data gathering techniques were used to illustrate the family situations, working conditions, schooling and general attitudes of working children : (1) Semi-planned interviews made in these 3 cities with 188 working children and 65 parents. (2) In-depth focus group interviews with relevant organizations and customers, (3) observations about the working areas and living quarters of children. (4) review of literature about children working in the streets

Excerpt: Attitudes of sellers against these children have similarities with that of customers. Some of them know them very well because they encounter every day and help them in certain things. However, because the owners of some expensive product shops see them as threat for themselves and for their customers, they don’t want them to be nearby. (p.56)

Some keywords: child workers, migration, children working on the streets, socio-demographic level, socio-economic level

Subaşı, M., Kubilay, G.(2003); ‘‘Properties of Families and Dwellings of Children Living/Working in the Streets’’, Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Magazine, 5:2, Ankara, December.

Number of Works Cited: 35

Scope:

The study has been made to determine the properties of families and dwellings of children living/working in the streets. This is a descriptive study. Data is gathered using the questionnaire created by the researcher by face to face talks with the families included in the sample group between July-November 2000. The study universe comprises 280 children working in the streets registered with Ulus Children and Youth Center operating under the Social Services and Child Protection Agency and the families of 20 children living in the streets registered Ankara Governorship Children Education and Treatment Center aged between 7 and 14. The sample group is the 30 families of 49 children accessed between July–November. Obtained data is evaluated with regards numbers and percentiles.

An Excerpt from the Article:

Situations like fast population increase in major cities, unplanned urbanization, migration, poverty, increasing inflation, unemployment, accommodation in poor conditions, family violence, disruption of family integrity and loss of social support of family have negative effects on the family and all family individuals. In addition to these factors, situations such as alcohol and substance addiction in the family, father leaving the house, parents’ marriage to other persons, absence of money-bringing person, seeking of adventure, physical exploitation, sexual harassment and rape, low educational level, insufficient educational facilities, and traditional attitudes of the society are affecting mostly the children among all family members. These factors cause the children to get away from the family environment and lead to the street, a setting increasing the potential to commit crimes.

Some Keywords:

family, migration, residence properties, substance addiction, children working on the streets, children living on the streets, poverty

Karabulut, Ö.(2005); ‘‘Children Working in Economical Jobs’’, Tes-İş Magazine, June 2005, p.65-70.

Number of Works Cited: 13

Scope:

The subject of child labor in Turkey has been discussed in figures using the data obtained from DIE’s Child Labour Surveys in 1994 and 1999. Working conditions of working children are discussed also in consideration of national regulations and ILO conventions. The results section gathers the discussed topics and makes some proposals.

An Excerpt from the Article:

Reasons underlying the working of children, their problems and solution are multi-dimensional, and it is not possible to abstract them from the basic problems of Turkey and from policies aimed at solving these problems. More and more children are entering the working life every passing day as a result of the socio-economic policies in force, and the number of children living and working on the streets increases in big cities, Istanbul being the foremost. (p.68)

Some Keywords:

ILO, children working on the streets, children living on the streets, national regulation, international regulation

Güngör, M.(2003); ‘‘Poverty and Children Working on Streets’’, Poverty, Deniz Feneri Publications, Volume:3, Istanbul.

Number of Works Cited: 5

Scope:

Efforts are made to determine the effects created by poverty on children working in the streets in the city of Mersin. Poverty has been taken as a de facto situation rather than being addressed as an economic indicator and the aim has been to measure its effect on the child. In the light of concepts like migration, social state, children working on streets, street child, and socialization, a survey and observation has been made on 70 children working on the streets in Mersin.

An Excerpt from the Article:

It is the youngest individuals of the society and the family who are affected most from poverty, and whose living, developing and growing rights are risked. In today’s world, four out of 10 of children born in developing nations come to the world in extreme poverty. This poverty determines the child’s existence in all aspects. (p.291)

Some Keywords:

diet, migration, sanitation, children working on the streets, children living on the streets, social state, socialisation

Title of the Study: Children Working in The Streets, Their Families and Children’s Rights: A Study in Ankara

Type of the Study: Master Thesis

Author of the Study: Tülin Kuşgözoğlu

Presentation,

Year/Place of Publication: Ankara, 2005 (TODAİE Public Administration Programme)

Language of the Study: Turkish

Number of Pages: 277

Purpose: Family dimension in the child-family-society triangle that lies in the basis of the problem is studied by way of data gathering from children working in the streets and their families. The study tries to determine the profiles of families of children working in the streets and some data about their opinions on children’s rights, information and application levels are accessed.

Content: Part one discusses definitions and concepts about children working in the streets. Part two looks at the problem of children working in the streets from the dimension of children’s rights. Part three includes a study made in Ankara.

Method: Interviews are made with 55 families living in Ankara whose children are working on the streets. Data is gathered by individual interviews thru forms prepared by researcher. Interviewed families in the study are chosen by random sampling from among families found to have their children working on the streets during previously made studies at Ulus and Fatma Üçer Child and Youth Centers and Altındağ Community Center operating under SHÇEK Ankara Social Services Directorate.

Excerpt: Children working in the streets phenomenon seen as a form of poverty and child labour in the most general sense covers almost all of the children’s rights violations. Particularly during recent years, addressed in priority by international organizations, this case is almost passing in front of child labour. (s.147)

Some keywords: family, working conditions, child rights, children working on the streets, poverty